Puzzle 109
Can you find the encoded countries?
The letter indicates the first letter of the country, and the number represents the number of letters in the country.
H5
V9
D7
J7
F6
N6
P4
Z8
R7
Q5
Puzzle Copyright © Kevin Stone
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Hint
For example, E7 would be England.
Answers
H5 = Haiti
V9 = Venezuela
D7 = Denmark
J7 = Jamaica
F6 = France
N6 = Norway
P4 = Peru
Z8 = Zimbabwe
R7 = Romania
Q5 = Qatar
Puzzle 110
Exactly how many minutes is it before seven o'clock, if 40 minutes ago it was three times as many minutes past two o'clock?
Puzzle Copyright © Kevin Stone
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Hint
How many minutes are there between 2:00 and 7:00?
Answer
65 minutes.
Reasoning

We need to break down the five hours in the following way:
3 x Answer minutes past two o'clock
40 minutes
Answer minutes before seven o'clock
Why? It is now Answer minutes before seven o'clock, and then we have the 40 minutes before that, and the remaining time was 3 x Answer minutes past two o'clock.
So, five hours = 5 x 60 = 300 minutes. We already know about the 40 minutes, so we have to share the remaining 260 minutes in the ratio 3:1, which gives 195:65 minutes. Or using algebra 4 x Answer = 300 – 40, so Answer = 65 minutes.
Therefore, the five hours is made up of:
195 minutes past two o'clock
40 minutes
65 minutes before seven o'clock
So, it's currently 65 minutes before 7:00 = 5:55.
Double-Checking
It is now 65 minutes before seven o'clock = 5:55, so 40 minutes ago it was 5:15 – which is 195 minutes after 2:00, as required (as 65 x 3 = 195).
Puzzle 111
If 5 cats can catch 5 rats in 5 minutes …
… how many cats do you need to catch 100 rats in 100 minutes?
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Hint
How many rats can one cat catch in 5 minutes?
Answer
5.
5 cats can catch 5 rats in 5 minutes.
So
1 cat can catch 1 rat in 5 minutes.
1 cat can catch 2 rats in 10 minutes.
1 cat can catch 20 rats in 100 minutes.
Therefore
5 cats can catch 100 rats in 100 minutes.
Puzzle 112
At the equator the radius of the earth is 6,378 km, so its circumference is almost exactly 40,000 km.
Imagine we had a long rope which went around the equator, this would of course be 40,000 km long.
If we now placed 1 metre sticks vertically all the way around and lay the rope on top of these sticks (so the rope would be 1m higher all the way around) how much extra rope would we require?
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Hint
Circumference = 2 x Radius x π.
Answer
6.28 metres, a lot less than you might think!
If we call the radius of the Earth R, then the difference between the two circumferences is:
2 x π x (R + 1) - 2 x π x R
= 2 x π metres
= 6.28 metres.
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