Random Puzzles 

Workings

Hint
A very common sequence is hidden here.

Answer
Badger.

Reasoning
The length of the words is the same length as the months of the year.
   gorilla  = 7 = January
   hedgehog = 8 = February
   camel    = 5 = March
   mouse    = 5 = April
   fox      = 3 = May
   bear     = 4 = June
   mole     = 4 = July
   badger   = 6 = August

Workings

Hint
You'll need to think a little laterally.

Answer
If you look very carefully, you will see that there are actually two matchsticks under the other seven, so you can take away eight matchsticks and still leave one behind.

Workings

Hint
I have fewer than 10 children.

Answer
4.

I have three daughters and one son.

Workings

Hint
Think of Roman numerals.

Answer
Delta.

Take the Roman numerals in sequence, and convert to the phonetic alphabet.
  1 = I = India
  5 = V = Victor
 10 = X = X-Ray
 50 = L = Lima
100 = C = Charlie
500 = D = Delta