Medium Puzzles 

Workings

Hint
Say each number, one digit at a time.

Answer
11131221141113122112.

Reasoning
Each term describes the previous term.

For example, 42 = one four, one two = 1412.

And, 1412 = one one, one four, one one, one two = 11141112.

Workings

Hint
The word begins with the letter T.

Answer
Tattooists.

Which has 10 letters.

Workings

Hint
Look at the first letters of each word.

Answer
Seals are rare and hungry.

The initial letters spell Sarah. All of the other sentences spell boys' names.

Workings

Hint
Look at the letter positions in the alphabet.

Answer
R.

If you take the alphabetic positions of each letter in a row, the total is always 56.

Double-Checking
Y + G + W + A = 25 +  7 + 23 +  1 = 56
K + L + R + O = 11 + 12 + 18 + 15 = 56
Z + J + P + D = 26 + 10 + 16 +  4 = 56
V + F + T + H = 22 +  6 + 20 +  8 = 56