Medium Puzzles 

Workings

Hint
The first letters of the words are: B, A, S, A, B, B, R, N, B, C.

Answer
BINARY = BRAINY
ABROAD = ABOARD
RASCAL = SCALAR
ALTARS = ASTRAL
BADGER = BARGED
BARKED = BRAKED
MARBLE = RAMBLE
UNABLE = NEBULA
TABLET = BATTLE
CALLER = CELLAR or RECALL

There are some less common anagrams such as:
RASCAL = SACRAL
ALTARS = TARSAL
ALTARS = RATALS
ALTARS = TALARS
BADGER = GARBED
BARKED = DEBARK
MARBLE = BLAMER
MARBLE = AMBLER
MARBLE = LAMBER
UNABLE = UNBALE
TABLET = BATTEL

So you can have an extra half point if you found one of these! There are some even rarer anagrams, but I don't think I'll allow those!

Workings

Hint
Start by filling the 11 gallon container.

Answer
Here are the contents of the containers after each stage:
A  B
0  11  fill B
7  4   fill A from B
0  4   empty A
4  0   fill A from B
4  11  fill B
7  8   fill A from B
0  8   empty A
7  1   fill A from B
0  1   empty A
1  0   fill A from B
1  11  fill B
7  5   fill A from B
0  5   empty A
5  0   fill A from B
5  11  fill B
7  9   fill A from B
0  9   empty A

This leaves 9 gallons in container B.

Workings

Hint
One of the winners is called Jack.

Answer
DEEFIJOORST      = JODIE FOSTER
EEELMPRRSTY      = MERYL STREEP
ABEIJLORRSTU     = JULIA ROBERTS
AABEEHHIKNNPRRTU = KATHARINE HEPBURN
CEEEGGLNOOORY    = GEORGE CLOONEY
ACCHIJKLNNOOS    = JACK NICHOLSON
BDEEINOORRRT     = ROBERT DE NIRO
AACCEEHIILMN     = MICHAEL CAINE

Workings

Hint
The anagrammed word begins with the letter S.

Answers
Spaghetti.
--xic = toxic --ien = alien --nre = genre --ppo = hippo --pil = pupil --loo = igloo --day = today --uip = equip --elf = shelf
Giving the letters TAGHPITES, which is an anagram of SPAGHETTI.