Brain Teasers and Puzzles 

Workings

Hint
Where was Dale?

Answer
Dale fell off the very bottom rung of the ladder.

Workings

Hint
Look at Q2 first.

Answer
Q1. d)
Q2. c)
Q3. a)
Q4. b)

Reasoning
Let's look at Q1 first, and check each possible option:

If Q1's answer was a):
...we'll leave checking this for now, because...

If Q1's answer was b):
...we'll leave checking this for now, because...

If Q1's answer was c):
it would reference itself and we'd learn nothing new, and we'd then have to check Q2.

So, let's start with Q2 first instead of Q1.

If Q2's answer was a):
   an immediate contradiction, as Q4 can't be the first answer with a) as we've assumed Q2's answer is a).

If Q2's answer was b):
   an immediate contradiction, as Q2 can't be the first answer with a) as we've assumed Q2's answer is b).

If Q2's answer was c):
   Q3's answer would be a)
   Q1's answer would be d)
   confirming Q2's answer as c)
   leaving Q4's only possible answer as b)
   no contradiction.

If Q2's answer was d):
   Q1's answer would be a)   (*)
   Q3's answer would be c)
   Q4's answer would be d)
   Q1's answer would be b)
   but this contradicts the section marked (*).

Therefore, the only possible answer with no contradiction is when Q2's answer is c).

Workings

Hint
In order, the added letters spell TELESCOPE.

Answer
The added letters spell TELESCOPE.
HERB + T becomes BERTH BANG + E becomes BEGAN KEEN + L becomes KNEEL SUIT + E becomes SUITE QUAD + S becomes SQUAD WHEY + C becomes CHEWY CELL + O becomes CELLO TOIL + P becomes PILOT WILD + E becomes WIELD

Workings

Hint
The diamond on the right side can only be 2 + 3 + 7 + 8.

Answer